|
20th-century art and what it became as — modern art — began with modernism in the late 19th century. Nineteenth-century movements of Post-Impressionism (Les Nabis), Art Nouveau and Symbolism led to the first twentieth-century art movements of Fauvism in France and Die Brücke ("The Bridge") in Germany. Fauvism in Paris introduced heightened non-representational colour into figurative painting. Die Brücke strove for emotional Expressionism. Another German group was Der Blaue Reiter ("The Blue Rider"), led by Kandinsky in Munich, who associated the ''blue rider'' image with a spiritual non-figurative mystical art of the future. Kandinsky, Kupka, R. Delaunay and Picabia were pioneers of abstract (or non-representational) art. Cubism, generated by Picasso, Braque, Metzinger, Gleizes and others rejected the plastic norms of the Renaissance by introducing multiple perspectives into a two-dimensional image. Futurism incorporated the depiction of movement and machine age imagery. Dadaism, with its most notable exponents, Marcel Duchamp, who rejected conventional art styles altogether by exhibiting found objects, notably a urinal, and too Francis Picabia, with his ''Portraits Mécaniques''. Parallel movements in Russia were Suprematism, where Kasimir Malevich also created non-representational work, notably a black canvas. The Jack of Diamonds group with Mikhail Larionov was expressionist in nature. Image:Matisse-Woman-with-a-Hat.jpg|Henri Matisse, ''Woman with a Hat'', 1905 Image:Derain CharingCrossBridge.png|André Derain, ''Charing Cross Bridge, London,'' 1906, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. Image:Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.jpg|Pablo Picasso, ''Les Demoiselles d'Avignon'', 1907 File:Georges Braque, 1908, Le Viaduc de L'Estaque (Viaduct at L'Estaque), oil on canvas, 73 x 60 cm, private collection.jpg|Georges Braque, ''Le Viaduc de L'Estaque (Viaduct at L'Estaque)'', 1908 File:Jean Metzinger, Le goûter, Tea Time, 1911, 75.9 x 70.2 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art.jpg|Jean Metzinger, ''Le goûter (Tea Time)'', 1911, Philadelphia Museum of Art. André Salmon dubbed this painting "The Mona Lisa of Cubism" Image:Recoveredgleizes.jpg|Albert Gleizes, ''Le Chemin, Paysage à Meudon, Paysage avec personnage'', 1911 File:Duchamp - Nude Descending a Staircase.jpg|Marcel Duchamp, ''Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2'', 1912, Philadelphia Museum of Art File:Vassily Kandinsky, 1913 - Composition 7.jpg|Wassily Kandinsky ''Composition VII'', 1912 Image:František Kupka, 1912, Amorpha, fugue en deux couleurs (Fugue in Two Colors), 210 x 200 cm, Narodni Galerie, Prague.jpg|František Kupka, ''Amorpha, Fugue in Two Colors'', 1912 Image:Robert Delaunay, 1913, Premier Disque, 134 cm, 52.7 inches, Private collection.jpg|Robert Delaunay, ''Le Premier Disque'', 1912–13 Image:De Chirico's Love Song.jpg|Giorgio de Chirico, ''Love Song'' 1914, Museum of Modern Art File:Kazimir Malevich, 1915, Black Suprematic Square, oil on linen canvas, 79.5 x 79.5 cm, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.jpg|Kasimir Malevich, ''Black Square'', 1915 Dadaism preceded Surrealism, where the theories of Freudian psychology led to the depiction of the dream and the unconscious in art in work by Salvador Dalí. Kandinsky's introduction of non-representational art preceded the 1950s American Abstract Expressionist school, including Jackson Pollock, who dripped paint onto the canvas, and Mark Rothko, who created large areas of flat colour. Detachment from the world of imagery was reversed in the 1960s by the Pop Art movement, notably Andy Warhol, where brash commercial imagery became a Fine Art staple. Warhol also minimised the role of the artist, often employing assistants to make his work and using mechanical means of production, such as silkscreen printing. This marked a change from Modernism to Post-Modernism. Photorealism evolved from Pop Art and as a counter to Abstract Expressionists. Subsequent initiatives towards the end of the century involved a paring down of the material of art through Minimalism, and a shift toward non-visual components with Conceptual art, where the idea, not necessarily the made object, was seen as the art. The last decade of the century saw a fusion of earlier ideas in work by Jeff Koons, who made large sculptures from kitsch subjects, and in the UK, the Young British Artists, where Conceptual Art, Dada and Pop Art ideas led to Damien Hirst's exhibition of a shark in formaldehyde in a vitrine. ==Some important movements== *Symbolism (arts) *Divisionism *Fauvism *Cubism *Futurism *Cubo-Futurism *Orphism *Purism *Synchromism *Surrealism *Suprematism *Bauhaus *Dadaism *De Stijl *Social Realism *American Regionalism *Abstract Expressionism *Tachisme *Lyrical Abstraction *Informalism *COBRA *Outsider art (''art brut'') *Fluxus *Neo-Dada *Rayonism *Art Deco *Color Field painting *Pop Art *Photorealism *Minimalism *Conceptual art *Neo-expressionism *Appropriation art *Installation art *Digital art *Op Art *Modernism *Late Modernism *Remodernism 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「20th-century art」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|